Climate Modeling and Analysis: Difference between revisions
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global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty|author=IPCC|coauthors=|date=October 2018.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/|author=IPCC|title=IPCC. Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|date=2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/|title=Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|author=IPCC|date=2014}}</ref>), help people calculate their climate risks (see
Recent trends have created opportunities for ML to advance the state-of-the-art in climate prediction
and T Whitcomb|url=https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/14319|year=2017}}</ref> (some simulations have taken three weeks to run on NCAR supercomputers<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble project|year=2015|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/bams/article/96/8/1333/69450}}</ref>), while ML methods are becoming increasingly fast to train and run, especially on next-generation computing hardware. As a result, climate scientists have recently begun to explore ML techniques, and are starting to team up with computer scientists to build new and exciting applications.
== Data ==
The largest climate prediction datasets are ensembles of many climate simulations. These include simulations with varied physics, architectures, or initial conditions, and they are used to explore the range of possible climate futures. The largest ensembles include:
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* [https://cloud.google.com/public-datasets/weather/ Google Cloud Weather and Climate Datasets]
** Petabyte-scale weather and climate datasets from sources like NOAA’s [https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/radar-data/nexrad NEXRAD] and NASA/USGS’s [https://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Landsat], made available for free as part of Google Cloud’s Public Datasets Program.
*earthdata.nasa.gov
''N.B.'' Climate model data is typically presented in [https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data-tools-and-analysis/netcdf-overview netcdf4] format. These may be smoothly converted to csv files or [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14035148/import-netcdf-file-to-pandas-dataframe pandas dataframes], but be aware that the data lies on irregular 3D spherical grids.
The Earth and climate science community is also working to create benchmark datasets: https://is-geo.org/benchmarks/.
== Methods and Software ==
[https://pangeo.io/ Pangeo] supports open source scientific python for geoscience applications.
* Pangeo also maintains a list of packages useful for [https://github.com/pangeo-data/awesome-open-climate-science atmospheric, ocean, and climate science].
== Recommended Readings ==
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGi2a0tNjOo&feature=youtu.be An Introduction to Climate Modeling], a video lesson from Climate Literacy's Youtube channel
== Community ==
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=== Societies and organizations ===
* [https://www.agu.org/ AGU]
* [http://climateinformatics.org/ Climate Informatics]
=== Past and upcoming events ===
* [https://www.agu.org/fall-meeting AGU Fall Meeting 2020]
== Important considerations ==
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