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This page is about the intersection of individual decision-making and machine learning in the context of climate change. For an overview of human decision-making as a whole, please see the Wikipedia page on this topic.

Individuals and households constantly make decisions that affect their carbon footprint, and many wish to reduce their impact. ML can help quantify the climate impact of consumer products and actions, estimate the benefits resulting from personal behavior change, provide appliance-level residential energy use data, identify households with high potential for efficiency gain, and optimize appliances to operate when low-carbon electricity is available. ML can also help effectively inform people and provide them constructive opportunities by modeling consumer behavior and simplifying information on climate-relevant laws and policies.

Machine Learning Application Areas

Background Readings

General

Climate Change Needs Behavior Change: Making the case for behavioral solutions to reduce global warming (2018)^[1]: a report on the foundations of climate change and the role for human behavior in slowing it down. Available here.

Individual and Household Consumption

Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residential sector: A review of modeling techniques (2009)^[2]: a review of the various modeling techniques used for modeling residential sector energy consumption.
Quantifying carbon footprint reduction opportunities for US households and communities (2011)^[3] : this study uses consumption-based life cycle accounting techniques to quantify the carbon footprints of typical U.S. households and to quantify greenhouse gas and financial savings from 13 potential mitigation actions. Available here.
Residential load scheduling with renewable generation in the smart grid: A reinforcement learning approach (2018)^[4]: this paper proposes of a comprehensive, Reinforcement Learning-based model with implementable solution considering consumer comfort, stochastic renewable power, and tariffs. Available here.

Behavior Change

Making carbon pricing work for citizens (2018) ^[5]: this paper synthesizes findings regarding the optimal use of carbon revenues from both traditional economic analyses and studies in behavioural and political science. Available here.
The future is now: reducing psychological distance to increase public engagement with climate change (2017)^[6] : a study that looks at climate change communication intervention and how it can increase public engagement by reducing the psychological distance of climate change. Available here.
Predictive segmentation of energy consumers (2016)^[7]: this paper proposes a predictive segmentation technique for identifying sub-groups in a large population that are both homogeneous with respect to certain patterns in customer attributes, and predictive with respect to a desired outcome. Available here.

Online Courses and Course Materials

Under construction

Community

Under construction

Major conferences

Major journals

Major societies and organizations

Libraries and Tools

Tomorrow Project - Calculates impact of your climate behaviors by using ML to read your data.
WattTime - Predicts marginal emissions cost of energy consumption in real time.
Ecological Footprint Explorer - an interactive tool to explore the Ecological Footprint and biocapacity for over 200 countries and regions, updated annually.

Data

Many of the existing datasets involve individual or household level information regarding energy consumption, transportation and consumer habits. Some useful datasets include:

Global Footprint Data: Ecological Footprint data for different countries and different levels of granularity.
Individual household electric power consumption data set.: Measurements of electric power consumption in one household with a one-minute sampling rate over a period of almost 4 years.
Residential energy use survey results: results of a 2005 national survey that collects residential energy-related data for over 4,381 households in the United States.
Commercial and Residential Hourly Load Profiles: contains hourly load profile data for 16 commercial building types and residential buildings in the United States.
Buildings Performance Database, sample residential data: a non-proprietary subset of the Department of Energy's Buildings Performance Database.

References

↑ Katie Williamson, Aven Satre-Meloy, Katie Velasco, Kevin Green (2018). "Climate Change Needs Behavior Change: Making the Case for Behavioral Solutions to Reduce Global Warming" (PDF).CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Swan, Lukas G.; Ugursal, V. Ismet (2019). "Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residential sector: A review of modeling techniques". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 13 (8): 1819–1835. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2008.09.033.
↑ Jones, Christopher M.; Kammen, Daniel M. (2011). "Quantifying Carbon Footprint Reduction Opportunities for U.S. Households and Communities". Environmental Science & Technology. 45 (9): 4088–4095. doi:10.1021/es102221h. ISSN 0013-936X.
↑ Remani, T.; Jasmin, E.A.; Ahamed, T.P. Imthias (2019). "Residential Load Scheduling With Renewable Generation in the Smart Grid: A Reinforcement Learning Approach". IEEE Systems Journal. 13 (3): 3283–3294. doi:10.1109/JSYST.2018.2855689. ISSN 1932-8184.
↑ Klenert, David; Mattauch, Linus; Combet, Emmanuel; Edenhofer, Ottmar; Hepburn, Cameron; Rafaty, Ryan; Stern, Nicholas (2018). "Making carbon pricing work for citizens". Nature Climate Change. 8 (8): 669–677. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0201-2. ISSN 1758-678X.
↑ Jones, Charlotte; Hine, Donald W.; Marks, Anthony D. G. (2017). "The Future is Now: Reducing Psychological Distance to Increase Public Engagement with Climate Change: Reducing Psychological Distance". Risk Analysis. 37 (2): 331–341. doi:10.1111/risa.12601.
↑ Albert, Adrian; Maasoumy, Mehdi (2016). "Predictive segmentation of energy consumers". Applied Energy. 177: 435–448. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.128.

[1] Katie Williamson, Aven Satre-Meloy, Katie Velasco, Kevin Green (2018). "Climate Change Needs Behavior Change: Making the Case for Behavioral Solutions to Reduce Global Warming" (PDF).CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[2] Swan, Lukas G.; Ugursal, V. Ismet (2019). "Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residential sector: A review of modeling techniques". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 13 (8): 1819–1835. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2008.09.033.

[3] Jones, Christopher M.; Kammen, Daniel M. (2011). "Quantifying Carbon Footprint Reduction Opportunities for U.S. Households and Communities". Environmental Science & Technology. 45 (9): 4088–4095. doi:10.1021/es102221h. ISSN 0013-936X.

[4] Remani, T.; Jasmin, E.A.; Ahamed, T.P. Imthias (2019). "Residential Load Scheduling With Renewable Generation in the Smart Grid: A Reinforcement Learning Approach". IEEE Systems Journal. 13 (3): 3283–3294. doi:10.1109/JSYST.2018.2855689. ISSN 1932-8184.

[5] Klenert, David; Mattauch, Linus; Combet, Emmanuel; Edenhofer, Ottmar; Hepburn, Cameron; Rafaty, Ryan; Stern, Nicholas (2018). "Making carbon pricing work for citizens". Nature Climate Change. 8 (8): 669–677. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0201-2. ISSN 1758-678X.

[6] Jones, Charlotte; Hine, Donald W.; Marks, Anthony D. G. (2017). "The Future is Now: Reducing Psychological Distance to Increase Public Engagement with Climate Change: Reducing Psychological Distance". Risk Analysis. 37 (2): 331–341. doi:10.1111/risa.12601.

[7] Albert, Adrian; Maasoumy, Mehdi (2016). "Predictive segmentation of energy consumers". Applied Energy. 177: 435–448. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.128.

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@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 === Individual and Household Consumption ===
-*'''Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residential sector: A review of modeling techniques (2009)'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Swan|first=Lukas G.|last2=Ugursal|first2=V. Ismet|date=2009-10|title=Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residential sector: A review of modeling techniques|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032108001949|journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews|language=en|volume=13|issue=8|pages=1819–1835|doi=10.1016/j.rser.2008.09.033}}</ref>: a review of the various modeling techniques used for modeling residential sector energy consumption.
+*'''Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residential sector: A review of modeling techniques (2009)'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Swan|first=Lukas G.|last2=Ugursal|first2=V. Ismet|date=2019|title=Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residential sector: A review of modeling techniques|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032108001949|journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews|language=en|volume=13|issue=8|pages=1819–1835|doi=10.1016/j.rser.2008.09.033|via=}}</ref>: a review of the various modeling techniques used for modeling residential sector energy consumption.
-*'''Quantifying carbon footprint reduction opportunities for US households and communities (2011)'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jones|first=Christopher M.|last2=Kammen|first2=Daniel M.|date=2011-05|title=Quantifying Carbon Footprint Reduction Opportunities for U.S. Households and Communities|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es102221h|journal=Environmental Science & Technology|language=en|volume=45|issue=9|pages=4088–4095|doi=10.1021/es102221h|issn=0013-936X}}</ref> ''':''' this study uses consumption-based life cycle accounting techniques to quantify the carbon footprints of typical U.S. households and to quantify greenhouse gas and financial savings from 13 potential mitigation actions. [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es102221h Available here.]
+*'''Quantifying carbon footprint reduction opportunities for US households and communities (2011)'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jones|first=Christopher M.|last2=Kammen|first2=Daniel M.|date=2011|title=Quantifying Carbon Footprint Reduction Opportunities for U.S. Households and Communities|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es102221h|journal=Environmental Science & Technology|language=en|volume=45|issue=9|pages=4088–4095|doi=10.1021/es102221h|issn=0013-936X|via=}}</ref> ''':''' this study uses consumption-based life cycle accounting techniques to quantify the carbon footprints of typical U.S. households and to quantify greenhouse gas and financial savings from 13 potential mitigation actions. [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es102221h Available here.]
-*'''Residential load scheduling with renewable generation in the smart grid: A reinforcement learning approach (2018)'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Remani|first=T.|last2=Jasmin|first2=E.A.|last3=Ahamed|first3=T.P. Imthias|date=2019-09|title=Residential Load Scheduling With Renewable Generation in the Smart Grid: A Reinforcement Learning Approach|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8426048/|journal=IEEE Systems Journal|volume=13|issue=3|pages=3283–3294|doi=10.1109/JSYST.2018.2855689|issn=1932-8184}}</ref>: this paper proposes of a comprehensive, Reinforcement Learning-based model with implementable solution considering consumer comfort, stochastic renewable power, and tariffs. [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8426048 Available here.]
+*'''Residential load scheduling with renewable generation in the smart grid: A reinforcement learning approach (2018)'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Remani|first=T.|last2=Jasmin|first2=E.A.|last3=Ahamed|first3=T.P. Imthias|date=2019|title=Residential Load Scheduling With Renewable Generation in the Smart Grid: A Reinforcement Learning Approach|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8426048/|journal=IEEE Systems Journal|volume=13|issue=3|pages=3283–3294|doi=10.1109/JSYST.2018.2855689|issn=1932-8184|via=}}</ref>: this paper proposes of a comprehensive, Reinforcement Learning-based model with implementable solution considering consumer comfort, stochastic renewable power, and tariffs. [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8426048 Available here.]
 === Behavior Change ===
-*'''Making carbon pricing work for citizens (2018)''' <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Klenert|first=David|last2=Mattauch|first2=Linus|last3=Combet|first3=Emmanuel|last4=Edenhofer|first4=Ottmar|last5=Hepburn|first5=Cameron|last6=Rafaty|first6=Ryan|last7=Stern|first7=Nicholas|date=2018-08|title=Making carbon pricing work for citizens|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0201-2|journal=Nature Climate Change|language=en|volume=8|issue=8|pages=669–677|doi=10.1038/s41558-018-0201-2|issn=1758-678X}}</ref>: this paper synthesizes findings regarding the optimal use of carbon revenues from both traditional economic analyses and studies in behavioural and political science. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0201-2 Available here.]
+*'''Making carbon pricing work for citizens (2018)''' <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Klenert|first=David|last2=Mattauch|first2=Linus|last3=Combet|first3=Emmanuel|last4=Edenhofer|first4=Ottmar|last5=Hepburn|first5=Cameron|last6=Rafaty|first6=Ryan|last7=Stern|first7=Nicholas|date=2018|title=Making carbon pricing work for citizens|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0201-2|journal=Nature Climate Change|language=en|volume=8|issue=8|pages=669–677|doi=10.1038/s41558-018-0201-2|issn=1758-678X|via=}}</ref>: this paper synthesizes findings regarding the optimal use of carbon revenues from both traditional economic analyses and studies in behavioural and political science. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0201-2 Available here.]
-*'''The future is now: reducing psychological distance to increase public engagement with climate change (2017)'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jones|first=Charlotte|last2=Hine|first2=Donald W.|last3=Marks|first3=Anthony D. G.|date=2017-02|title=The Future is Now: Reducing Psychological Distance to Increase Public Engagement with Climate Change: Reducing Psychological Distance|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/risa.12601|journal=Risk Analysis|language=en|volume=37|issue=2|pages=331–341|doi=10.1111/risa.12601}}</ref> : a study that looks at climate change communication intervention and how it can increase public engagement by reducing the psychological distance of climate change. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/risa.12601 Available here.]
+*'''The future is now: reducing psychological distance to increase public engagement with climate change (2017)'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jones|first=Charlotte|last2=Hine|first2=Donald W.|last3=Marks|first3=Anthony D. G.|date=2017|title=The Future is Now: Reducing Psychological Distance to Increase Public Engagement with Climate Change: Reducing Psychological Distance|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/risa.12601|journal=Risk Analysis|language=en|volume=37|issue=2|pages=331–341|doi=10.1111/risa.12601|via=}}</ref> : a study that looks at climate change communication intervention and how it can increase public engagement by reducing the psychological distance of climate change. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/risa.12601 Available here.]
-*'''Predictive segmentation of energy consumers (2016)'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Albert|first=Adrian|last2=Maasoumy|first2=Mehdi|date=2016-09|title=Predictive segmentation of energy consumers|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306261916307334|journal=Applied Energy|language=en|volume=177|pages=435–448|doi=10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.128}}</ref>: this paper proposes a predictive segmentation technique for identifying sub-groups in a large population that are both homogeneous with respect to certain patterns in customer attributes, and predictive with respect to a desired outcome. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mehdi_Maasoumy/publication/303895476_PredictiveSegmentationOfEnergyConsumers/links/575b0b9e08aed884620d990a/PredictiveSegmentationOfEnergyConsumers.pdf Available here.]
+*'''Predictive segmentation of energy consumers (2016)'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Albert|first=Adrian|last2=Maasoumy|first2=Mehdi|date=2016|title=Predictive segmentation of energy consumers|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306261916307334|journal=Applied Energy|language=en|volume=177|pages=435–448|doi=10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.128|via=}}</ref>: this paper proposes a predictive segmentation technique for identifying sub-groups in a large population that are both homogeneous with respect to certain patterns in customer attributes, and predictive with respect to a desired outcome. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mehdi_Maasoumy/publication/303895476_PredictiveSegmentationOfEnergyConsumers/links/575b0b9e08aed884620d990a/PredictiveSegmentationOfEnergyConsumers.pdf Available here.]
 == Online Courses and Course Materials ==