Climate Modeling and Analysis: Difference between revisions
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global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty|author=IPCC|coauthors=|date=October 2018.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/|author=IPCC|title=IPCC. Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth |
global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty|author=IPCC|coauthors=|date=October 2018.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/|author=IPCC|title=IPCC. Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth |
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Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|date=2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/|title=Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth |
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|date=2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/|title=Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth |
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Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|author=IPCC|date=2014}}</ref>), help people calculate their climate risks (see [[Policy, Markets, and Decision Science]] and [[Climate Change Adaptation]]) and allow us to estimate the potential impacts of [[solar geoengineering]]. |
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|author=IPCC|date=2014}}</ref>), help people calculate their climate risks (see [[Policy, Markets, and Decision Science]] and [[Climate Change Adaptation]]) and allow us to estimate the potential impacts of [[Solar Geoengineering|solar geoengineering]]. |
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Recent trends have created opportunities for ML to advance the state-of-the-art in climate prediction. First, new and cheaper satellites are creating petabytes of climate observation data<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=earthdata.nasa.gov}}</ref>. Second, massive climate modeling projects are generating petabytes of simulated climate data<ref>{{Cite web|url=cmip.llnl.gov}}</ref>. Third, climate forecasts are computationally expensive<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Position paper on high performance computing needs in Earth system prediction|last=Carman|first=T|coauthors=T Clune, F Giraldo, M Govett, B Gross, A Kamrathe, T Lee, D McCarren, J Michalakes, S Sandgathe, |
Recent trends have created opportunities for ML to advance the state-of-the-art in climate prediction. First, new and cheaper satellites are creating petabytes of climate observation data<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=earthdata.nasa.gov}}</ref>. Second, massive climate modeling projects are generating petabytes of simulated climate data<ref>{{Cite web|url=cmip.llnl.gov}}</ref>. Third, climate forecasts are computationally expensive<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Position paper on high performance computing needs in Earth system prediction|last=Carman|first=T|coauthors=T Clune, F Giraldo, M Govett, B Gross, A Kamrathe, T Lee, D McCarren, J Michalakes, S Sandgathe, |
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and T Whitcomb|url=https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/14319|year=2017}}</ref> (some simulations have taken three weeks to run on NCAR supercomputers<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble project|year=2015|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/bams/article/96/8/1333/69450}}</ref>), while ML methods are becoming increasingly fast to train and run, especially on next-generation computing hardware. As a result, climate scientists have recently begun to explore ML techniques, and are starting to team up with computer scientists to build new and exciting applications. |
and T Whitcomb|url=https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/14319|year=2017}}</ref> (some simulations have taken three weeks to run on NCAR supercomputers<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble project|year=2015|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/bams/article/96/8/1333/69450}}</ref>), while ML methods are becoming increasingly fast to train and run, especially on next-generation computing hardware. As a result, climate scientists have recently begun to explore ML techniques, and are starting to team up with computer scientists to build new and exciting applications. |
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== Machine Learning Application Areas == |
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⚫ | ''N.B.'' Climate model data is typically presented in [https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data-tools-and-analysis/netcdf-overview netcdf4] format. These may be smoothly converted to csv files or [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14035148/import-netcdf-file-to-pandas-dataframe pandas dataframes], but be aware that the data lies on irregular 3D spherical grids. |
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== Methods and Software == |
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Some textbook length introductions to climate science include, |
Some textbook length introductions to climate science include, |
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*''[http://www.climate.be/textbook/ Introduction to climate dynamics and climate modeling]'' |
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Other resources include, |
Other resources include, |
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*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGi2a0tNjOo&feature=youtu.be An Introduction to Climate Modeling], a video lesson from Climate Literacy's Youtube channel |
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== Online Courses and Course Materials == |
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== Community == |
== Community == |
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=== Societies and organizations === |
=== Societies and organizations === |
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*[https://www.agu.org/ AGU] |
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*[http://climateinformatics.org/ Climate Informatics] |
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=== Past and upcoming events === |
=== Past and upcoming events === |
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*[https://www.agu.org/fall-meeting AGU Fall Meeting 2020] |
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== Libraries and Tools == |
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== Next steps == |
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⚫ | ''N.B.'' Climate model data is typically presented in [https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data-tools-and-analysis/netcdf-overview netcdf4] format. These may be smoothly converted to csv files or [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14035148/import-netcdf-file-to-pandas-dataframe pandas dataframes], but be aware that the data lies on irregular 3D spherical grids. |
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== References == |
== References == |