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Estimates of electricity use of AI
 
* '''Cloud comparison''': The major cloud computing providers, Amazon, Google and Microsoft, have varying targets and carbon intensities for their services. Google now publishes hourly estimates of the proportion of carbon-free energy (CFE) and the carbon intensity for all its cloud regions<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cloud.google.com/sustainability/region-carbon|title=Carbon free energy for Google Cloud regions|website=Google Cloud|language=en|access-date=2021-03-27}}</ref>.
==== Cloud comparison ====
====* '''Energy buying ===='''▼
The major cloud computing providers, Amazon, Google and Microsoft, have varying targets and carbon intensities for their services.
* '''Targets''': Several Cloud Providers have published CO2 emission targets:
 
Google** nowAWS, publishes100% hourlyrenewable estimatesenergy offor theits proportiondata ofcenters carbon-freeby energy2030, (CFE)on and the carbon intensitytrack for all its cloud regions2025<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cloudblog.googleaboutamazon.comco.uk/sustainability/regionamazon-carbonbecomes-the-worlds-largest-corporate-purchaser-of-renewable-energy|title=CarbonAmazon freebecomes energythe forworld’s Googlelargest Cloudcorporate regionspurchaser of renewable energy|date=2020-12-10|website=GoogleUK Day One CloudBlog|language=en|access-date=2021-03-27}}</ref>.
** Google, 24/7 carbon-free energy (real-time matching of supply and demand, without buying renewable generation certificates) by 2030<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/inside-google-cloud/announcing-round-the-clock-clean-energy-for-cloud/|title=Google Cloud aims for carbon-free energy for its data centers|website=Google Cloud Blog|language=en|access-date=2021-03-27}}</ref>.▼
 
** Microsoft, carbon negative by 2030<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2020/01/16/microsoft-will-be-carbon-negative-by-2030/|title=Microsoft will be carbon negative by 2030|date=2020-01-16|website=The Official Microsoft Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2021-03-27}}</ref>.▼
▲==== Energy buying ====
 
==== Targets ====
 
AWS, 100% renewable energy for its data centers by 2030, on track for 2025<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.aboutamazon.co.uk/sustainability/amazon-becomes-the-worlds-largest-corporate-purchaser-of-renewable-energy|title=Amazon becomes the world’s largest corporate purchaser of renewable energy|date=2020-12-10|website=UK Day One Blog|language=en|access-date=2021-03-27}}</ref>
 
▲Google, 24/7 carbon-free energy (real-time matching of supply and demand, without buying renewable generation certificates) by 2030<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/inside-google-cloud/announcing-round-the-clock-clean-energy-for-cloud/|title=Google Cloud aims for carbon-free energy for its data centers|website=Google Cloud Blog|language=en|access-date=2021-03-27}}</ref>.
 
▲Microsoft, carbon negative by 2030<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2020/01/16/microsoft-will-be-carbon-negative-by-2030/|title=Microsoft will be carbon negative by 2030|date=2020-01-16|website=The Official Microsoft Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2021-03-27}}</ref>.
 
=== Processing Units ===
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