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Buildings and Cities: Difference between revisions
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Machine learning provides critical tools for supporting both building managers and policy makers in their efforts to reduce GHG emissions. At the level of building management, ML can help select strategies that are tailored to individual buildings, and can also contribute to implementing those strategies via smart control systems. At the level of urban planning, ML can be used to gather and make sense of data to inform policy makers. In addition, ML can help cities as a whole to transition to low-carbon futures.
== Readings ==
=== Relevant IPCC chapters ===
* Lucon, O. et. al. [https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter9.pdf Buildings] (Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2014)
* Seto, K. et al. [https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter12.pdf Human Settlements, Infrastructure and Spatial Planning] (Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2014)
=== Academic perspectives ===
* Bai, X., et al. [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-02409-z Six research priorities for cities and climate change.] (2018)
* Seto, K C., et al. [https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/114/34/8935.full.pdf Sustainability in an urbanizing planet.] (2017)
* Seto, K,C., et al. [https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/114/34/8935.full.pdf Carbon lock-in: types, causes, and policy implications.] (2016)
* Nagendra, H,, et al. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-018-0101-5 The urban south and the predicament of global sustainability.] (2018)
* Hittinger, E,, and Jaramillo, P. [https://science.sciencemag.org/content/364/6438/326.full.pdf Internet of Things: Energy boon or bane?] (2019)
=== Perspectives in popular media ===
* [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/aug/29/the-air-conditioning-trap-how-cold-air-is-heating-the-world The air conditioning trap: how cold air is heating the world, The Guardian ‘Long Read’]
==Community==
===Journals and conferences===
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==Libraries and tools==
==Data==
=== Building energy use ===
* [https://data.cityofnewyork.us/City-Government/NYC-Municipal-Building-Energy-Benchmarking-Results/hpid-63r5 New York City municipal buildings] for buildings over 10,000 square feet, identifying each building’s energy intensity, and available GHG emissions for the calendar years 2010-2014.
* [https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/commercial-buildings-energy-consumption-survey The Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)] is a national sample survey that collects information on the stock of U.S. commercial buildings, their energy-related building characteristics, and their energy consumption and expenditures.
=== City metabolism ===
''The "metabolism" of a city includes the electricity used, waste generated, and GHG emitted.''
* [https://metabolismofcities.org/resources/data/datasets Metabolism data] for 150 cities
* The [http://www.ceads.net/ China Emission Accounts & Datasets] provides energy, emission and socio-economic accounting inventories for China
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata2018280 First attempts] of global databases on cities emissions and relevant ancillary metrics
* The [https://www.cdp.net/ Carbon Disclosure Project] provides a global platform for cities to measure and disclose environmental data; a variety of datasets are available
=== Urban Land Use, Infrastructure Data ===
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/ OpenStreetMap] is a cooperative alternative to Google Maps where all the data is open access.
* [http://atlasofurbanexpansion.org/ NYU’s Atlas of Urban Expansion] contains historical data on 200 cities worldwide.
* [http://www.citygmlwiki.org/index.php?title=Open_Data_Initiatives Open 3D models] are available for a few cities.
* [https://land.copernicus.eu/local/urban-atlas The Urban Atlas of the European Union agency Copernicus] includes information on urban land use types.
* [http://episcope.eu/building-typology/overview The TABULA project] combines data on building types across all of Europe.
==Selected problems==
==References==
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